Abstract
It has been found that 4145 high strength steel specimens tested over a specific temperature range will be embrittled when externally wetted by pure lead. Additions of small amounts of either tin and antimony to pure lead has been found to intensify the severity of the embrittlement and to extend the critical temperature range. The effect of second element content for lead-bismuth and lead-zinc binary alloys and lead-tin-bismuth ternary alloys on the embrittlement of high strength steel was also studied. The ternary alloys were studied to determine if any solute element interactions occur. Zinc as the second element in lead binary alloys was found to be an extremely potent embrittler, and bismuth the least. In the ternary alloys, the recovery temperature was found to be dependent essentially on the tin content, with bismuth virtually having no effect. During the investigation it was found that the flux containing zinc chloride which was used to solder the lead alloys, affected the onset of the embrittlement, causing erratic behavior in the onset region.
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