Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are abundantly used in electronic and electrical products (e-products) which have greatly facilitated the modern life. However, LCMs have been recognized as emerging contaminants of persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic properties. This review summarized the current knowledge on their emission sources, environmental occurrence, and human exposure. Emissions from e-waste recycling activities and in-use e-products have been documented whereas those from manufacturing plants were deficient. At least 108 LCMs have been detected in environmental and/or biotic samples, suggesting common exposure to LCMs by occupational and general populations. Further studies are required to determine the characteristics of LCMs in the environment and humans and understand their behavior and fate. Toxicological studies are urgently needed to understand the potential adverse effects of LCMs on ecological environment and human.
Published Version
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