Abstract

The miniaturization of liquid chromatography using microcolumns with reduced internal diameter has become a promising area in different analytical applications such as biological food, pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. In recent years, miniaturized liquid chromatography instrumentation has been improving and rescaling the system components in order to obtain fast analysis, low consumption of solvents and samples, high analytical sensitivity and low cost. The evolution of the instrumentation allowed the development of liquid chromatography systems using packed columns at capillary and nano scale for analyze a wide variety of different analytes. This article will cover important aspects regarding the theory of miniaturized liquid chromatography highlighting those related with column efficiency as well as bring information about instrumentation which has been developed for an effective analysis when scaling down from conventional liquid chromatography to miniaturized scale. A discussion about recent applications in the fields mentioned above has been also included aiming the writing of a reference work for miniaturized liquid chromatography.

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