Abstract
The design characteristics of a liquid chromatograph that are essential for very fast separations are examined theoretically. Equations are derived that permit the calculation of the column length, column diameter, maximum instrument time constant and flow-rate to effect a given separation in the minimum time. A gradient elution system, that can provide gradients covering a wide range of solvent concentrations and gradient profiles that can be delivered in a few seconds, is disclosed. Examples are given of the rapid separation of multi-component mixtures in less than 30 sec by both isocratic and gradient elution. The separation times obtained experimentally are compared with those predicted theoretically. The quantitative precision that was obtained from fast liquid chromatography separations is also reported.
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