Abstract
Normal-phase liquid chromatography is important complement to more frequently used reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It can be performed in fully organic mobile phases (adsorption liquid chromatography), where it offers advantages for separation of low-molecular moderately polar samples based on the differences in the number and position of functional groups. It allows large variability in selectivity by selection of appropriate mobile phase. Aqueous normal-phase chromatography is rapidly developing separation technique suitable for separation of both moderately and strongly polar (even ionic) compounds, which are difficult to be accomplished in other separation systems. A plethora of polar stationary phases are available for separations in aqueous-organic mobile phases, some of which provide dual retention mechanism and can be used either in the normal-phase mode in organic rich mobile phases, or in the reversed-phase mode in highly aqueous mobile phases.
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