Abstract
With the aim of presenting the processes governing the Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), its main theoretical models have been reported. More emphasis is given to those suitable for clarifying the experimental structures observed on the surface of wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) and dielectric materials. The role played by radiation surface electromagnetic waves as well as Surface Plasmon Polaritons in determining both Low and High Spatial Frequency LIPSS is briefly discussed, together with some experimental evidence. Non-conventional techniques for LIPSS formation are concisely introduced to point out the high technical possibility of enhancing the homogeneity of surface structures as well as tuning the electronic properties driven by point defects induced in WBS. Among these, double- or multiple-fs-pulse irradiations are shown to be suitable for providing further insight into the LIPSS process together with fine control on the formed surface structures. Modifications occurring by LIPSS on surfaces of WBS and dielectrics display high potentialities for their cross-cutting technological features and wide applications in which the main surface and electronic properties can be engineered. By these assessments, the employment of such nanostructured materials in innovative devices could be envisaged.
Highlights
Theodore Harold Maiman, with the first solid-state ruby laser discovered in 1960, illustrated the large potentialities of his invention through the statement “a solution looking for a problem”
During the 1980s, materials science saw a boost in employing pulsed lasers for thin-film depositions by the so-called pulsed laser ablation and deposition (PLD) technique employed for a wide range of innovative materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, ceramics and alloys, with well-defined compositions, phases and properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Fabrication ments performed by irradiating the surface of solid targets with a normal angle of incidence large extent the results reported in the previous sections is the outcome of by aAGaussian beamof profile of linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses
Summary
Theodore Harold Maiman, with the first solid-state ruby laser discovered in 1960, illustrated the large potentialities of his invention through the statement “a solution looking for a problem”. During the last two decades, the laser ablation process has gained, day by day, significant importance in developing new materials by using different pulse durations ranging from ns to fs time scales Both ns and fs pulses have shown great versatility in providing materials suitable for numerous applications, for instance, being bioactive for osseointegration prosthesis, catalysts, the conversion or storage of energy and plasmonic, electronic, thermionic, thermoelectric and photonic devices. Apart from the progress achieved in scaling up the process at large area rates (in the order of m2 /s), the direct capability of using pulsed laser beams in structuring material surfaces in spatial domains much lower than the optical diffraction limit, that is HSFL, represents a huge benefit for potential industrial applications of LIPSS In this scenario, LIPSS of wide bandgap materials and dielectrics could add even more perspectives for the employment of this technique. The modification of electronic features such as, for instance, the generation of intermediate states within the bandgap can be obtained, and a new preparation method for optoelectronic components could be provided
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