Liposomes in Medicine: An In-depth Analysis of Preparation Methods and Applications

Abstract

Liposomes are the targeted drug administration system that offers the potential to improve the medicinal value of drugs by boosting the concentration of medication the duration of time in intended cells, thereby reducing side effects. Liposomes, which are sphere-shaped vesicles built from phospholipids and cholesterol, are being investigated extensively as a means of increasing the bioavailability and delivery of therapeutic medications. Liposomes have both hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail and exhibit eminent properties, including reduced toxicity, better biocompatibility, easily biodegradable, easy to function and enhanced sustained release of drugs with increased therapeutic efficacy. Liposomes are said to be an ideal drug-carrier system as they enhance the delivery of anticancer drugs at the tumor site. Since liposomes are amphiphilic carriers that may be modified to have various functional characteristics, they are seen as a potential technology for a range of pharmacological and industrial uses. As a potential way to carry drug delivery across cell membranes, liposomes help medications to target specific disease sites. Liposomes are employed to deliver genetic material, such as DNA fragments, to specified cells so they may synthesize certain proteins. Thus, liposomes are investigated as adaptable nano-vesicular vehicles with potential medical applications for medicinal and diagnostic purposes. The future of liposomal formulations is projected to be a multipurpose use of imaging capabilities and medicinal components in a single liposome for diagnostic and actual-time therapy. The most promising approach for topical administration is liposomal drug delivery since it is compatible with living systems and can accommodate simultaneously hydrophobic and hydrophilic medicated substances because of the amphipathic feature of phospholipids.