Abstract
Inclusion of drugs in liposomes offers the potential for localized and sustained delivery to mucosal surfaces. The inclusion of the carrageenan matrix with echinochrome A ((Ech)—the active substance of the drug Histochrome) in liposomes was studied. According to the spectral characteristics, Ech was not oxidized and retained stability after encapsulation in the liposomes and the lyophilization process. Loading the liposomes with negatively charged polysaccharide results in the increase in the zeta potential to more negative values (from −14.6 to −24.4 mV), that together with an increasing in the sizes of liposomes (from 125.6 ± 2.5 nm to 159.3 ± 5.8 nm) propose of the formation of the polymer coating on liposomes. The interactions of liposomes with porcine stomach mucin was determined by the DLS and SEM methods. The changes in the zeta-potential and size of the mucin particles were observed as the result of the interaction of liposomes with mucin. To evaluate the mucoadhesive properties of liposomes and the penetration of Ech in the mucosa, a fresh-frozen inner surface of the small intestine of a pig as a model of mucous tissue was used. Polysaccharide-coated liposomes exhibit very good mucoadhesive properties −50% of Ech remains on the mucosa.
Highlights
Marine organisms provide a vast source of various compounds with diverse biological properties and bioactivities
The identity of the spectra indicated that the KCl-insoluble fraction from C. armatus was carrabiose) with traces ofofmore (G4S-DA2S-carrabiose), which whichwere were randomly κ-CRG (G4S-DA-carrabiose) with traces more sulfated sulfated ℩-CRG (G4S-DA2S-carrabiose), distributed along thepolysaccharide polysaccharide chain as aa single insertion to randomly the chain as insertion according according toour ourearly earlydata [33]
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Summary
Marine organisms provide a vast source of various compounds with diverse biological properties and bioactivities. These biological properties introduce a wide range of new compounds that have pharmacological properties and make a significant contribution to the development of nanotechnology [1,2,3]. Liposomal formulations were widely explored in the last decade for drug delivery application [4,5,6]. Liposomes are lipid vesicles that contain an aqueous solution of the active substance in their internal space or incorporate it into their shell. Liposome-based delivery systems play an important role, owing to easy preparation and an increase in bioavailability, as well as offering drug targeting and controlled
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