Liposomal drug delivery: Recent developments and challenges

Abstract

The spherical vesicles known as liposomes may contain one or many phospholipid bilayers. The first liposomes were found in the 1960s. One of the many distinctive drug delivery methods is the liposome, which offers a complex way to transfer active molecules to the site of action. Clinical trials are now testing a variety of formulations. Long-lasting second-generation liposomes are created by altering the vesicle’s lipid composition, size, and charge. Superficial vesicles have given way to liposome growth. Glycolipids and other substances have been used to make liposomes for the modification of outer surfaces through various types of targeting ligands and detecting agents or moiety. Now, the liposomes developed for the different market and it is flooded with cosmetics and, more crucially, medications. Three of the main applications of liposome technology include steric and environmental stabilization of loaded molecules, remote drug loading through pH and ion gradients approach, and simultaneously lipoplexes which is the complexes forms of cationic liposomes with anionic nucleic acids or proteins for the gene delivery or siRNA technology. The scope of liposome research was expanded, allowing for the production of various goods. The present review focuses on the different aspects of liposomal drug delivery concerning types, preparation, pros, and cons.