Lipolytic Enzymes with Hydrolytic and Esterification Activities Produced by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Decomposition Leaves in an Aquatic Environment.

D. P. de Oliveira,E. A. Guarda,P. M. Guarda,A. F. Almeida,P. B. Morais,F. F. Da Silva,D. B. Mendes

doi:10.1155/2019/8182425

Abstract

Microbial lipases are prominent biocatalysts able to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. In this work, filamentous fungi isolated from leaves decomposed in an aquatic environment were screened for lipase production with hydrolytic activity and esterification. Agar plates with Tween 20 and Rhodamine B were used for selection, while submerged cultures with olive oil were subsequently used to select 38 filamentous fungi. Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma harzianum F5, and Penicillium sp. F36 were grown in six different culture media. F. solani presented the highest lipase production (2.37 U/mL) with esterification activity of 0.07 U/mL using medium composed of (g.L−1) KH2PO4 1.00, MgSO4 H2O 1.123, and CuSO4 0.06. Supplementation of this culture medium with organic nitrogen sources increased lipase production by 461.3% using tryptone and by 419.4% using yeast extract. Among the vegetable oils from the Amazon region, degummed cotton oil induced lipase production up to 8.14 U/mL. The lipase produced by F. solani F61 has great potential to application in conventional processes and biodiesel production by transesterification of vegetable oils, as well as food industries in the production of fatty acid esters by hydrolysis and esterification.

Highlights

Lipases have emerged as key enzymes in swiftly growing biotechnology, owing to their multifaceted properties, which find usage in a wide array of industrial applications, such as food technology, detergent, chemical industry, and biomedical sciences [1]
The lipolytic activity in solid media can be Enzyme Research determined using dyes such as Rhodamine B [7] and Vitoria B blue [11], in which a drop in pH occurs due to the fatty acids released by the hydrolysis of the substrate, resulting in the formation of fluorescent halos around the colony [12]
The aims of this work were to select strains of filamentous fungi isolated from aquatic environments in tropical ecosystems, which are producers of lipolytic enzymes with hydrolytic activity and esterification, and to evaluate the nutritional conditions required to produce this enzyme under submerged conditions

Summary

Introduction

Lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.3) have emerged as key enzymes in swiftly growing biotechnology, owing to their multifaceted properties, which find usage in a wide array of industrial applications, such as food technology, detergent, chemical industry, and biomedical sciences [1]. These enzymes are able to catalyze many reactions on ester bonds with preference on water-insoluble substrates being activated when absorbed to an oil-water interface to generate free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and glycerol [2]. This technique is very convenient since Rhodamine B is quite selective and used for the selection of microorganisms producing lipase [13]

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