Abstract
The exponential increase of global demand for proteins and lipids can no longer be satisfied by classical sources. High amounts of CO2 produced by intensive livestock breeding and its effects on the environment are the main factors that prevent the use of animals as primary sources for proteins and lipids, calling for the use of new sustainable sources, such as insects. The massive breeding of bioconverter insects as a feed source has been a major topic in recent years, with both economic and scientific aspects related to rearing and subsequent processing optimization. The larvae of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (also known as Black Soldier Fly) can be used for the eco-sustainable production of proteins and lipids with high biological and economic value. Lipids can be obtained from BSF bioconversion processes and are present in high quantities in the last instar larvae and prepupae. Fats obtained from BSF are used as animal feed ingredients, in the formulation of several products for personal care, and in biodiesel production. To enable the use of insect-derived lipids, it is important to understand how to optimize their extraction. Here, we summarize the published information on the composition, the extraction methods, and the possible applications of the BSF lipid component.
Highlights
Published: 13 September 2021Insects are the greatest example of biodiversity on earth and their role in the ecosystem is extremely varied [1]
The press cake can be grinded into BSF larvae (BSFL) protein meal directly and the crude BSFL fat can be further refined by a filtration or decanting step
This review focused on the usage of BSFL-derived lipids in biodiesel production and animal feed (Figure 4)
Summary
Insects are the greatest example of biodiversity on earth and their role in the ecosystem is extremely varied [1]. The greatFurthermore, diversity of insect species,insects the dif-can transform abundant organic into a biomass richniches in proteins and lipids ferent types of food on quantities which theyoffeed, andwaste the different ecological determine an that is suitable for animal nutrition [21,43,44]. Lipids, and chitin, enormous variability in on their composition bioconverter canthe different types of food which they feed, and theFurthermore, different ecological nichesinsects determine three main components of insects, can be properly isolated from these organisms to be transform abundant quantities ofcomposition organic waste into a biomass rich inbioconverter proteins andinsects lipids an enormous variability in their. Approved the of whole dried T.value molitor the three main components insects, can EFSA be properly isolated from these to used asinfood ingredients or of for other applications in order to use obtain high organisms added larvae for human consumption [47]. This review is focused on the lipid fraction extractable from BSF, with the aim of investigating its composition, the lipid extraction methods currently available, and the possible applications of BSF lipids
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