Abstract
A general procedure distinguishing different modes of occurrence of lipids is described. This procedure was developed using the gram-negative eubacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LMD 79-41 as a test substance. Hydrolysis under alkaline and acidic conditions revealed that under alkaline conditions not all lipid moieties were released whereas acid hydrolysis generated artificially formed esters. Artefact formation was minimized by saponification after the acid treatment. Maximal information is obtained by a sequence of extractions and hydrolyses, thus distinguishing free extractabel, OH −-labile and H +-labile lipi moieties. The extract obtained after the acid treatment contained mainly β-hydroxyl fatty acids which were shown to be derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and therefore were linked via amide bonds. Whereas esterified β-hydroxy fatty acids are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acids have been found only in prokaryotes and therefore have a potential value as bacterial markers.
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