Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) accounts for approximately 5-10% of all diagnosed cased of diabetes. Diagnosis generally occurs in subjects under 30 years of age and of normal weight. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that there are 600,900 children under the age of 15 years living with T1D worldwide [1]. The cause of T1D remains unknown. There is clear evidence of a genetic predisposition and strong, but circumstantial, evidence for environmental factors triggering an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells leading to absolute dependence on insulin treatment. Acute complications are the leading cause of death in people with T1D under the age of 30 [2]. Chronic complications in the pediatric setting are not frequent; however latent structural or functional alterations may be present as early as a few years after the onset of the disease [3]. Childhood and adolescence therefore represent a period of time during which intense education and careful monitoring are able to prevent or delay the onset and progression of complications. The ESC-EASD 2019 guidelines emphasize that in general T1D confers an excess of risk of out-come of CV events (coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and vascular death) that is twice as high [4]. As part of the prevention of medium and long-term cardiovascular risk, it is essential to perform the complete lipid profile in young diabetics, at least annually, with intensification of checks in the event of unsatisfactory results. The goals of this study were to compare lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride) of a group of pediatric patients with T1D, aged between 3-18 years, treated at the Day Hospital of Endocrinology of the Complex Structure of Pediatrics and Neonatology Asl 2, center of Savona, San Paolo Hospital, with as many aged patients 3-18 years who have been hospitalized in the same Structure.
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