Abstract
Background: Histology-directed tissue Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS) has been used to identify lipid profiles that can distinguish cancerous epithelium from normal epithelium. Methods: In order to evaluate if lipid profiles may assist with diagnosis, frozen resected tumor samples collected from papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were analyzed using Matrix (DHB/CHCA)-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry (MS), together with adjacent normal tissue samples. Results: Lipid peaks differentially expressed between cancer and normal samples at a feature selection P<0.001 correctly predicted class labels of test set samples (7 pairs) in 100 random training-to-test partitions, at the median class prediction accuracy of 100%. In addition, lipid peaks differentially expressed between 14 pairs of cancer and adjacent normal samples correctly predicted 100% of validation set samples (8 out of 8 samples). Phosphatidylcholines (PC) 32:0 and PC 34:1, sphingomyelin 34:1, and several phosphatidylinositols were overexpressed, while lysophosphatidylcholine 18:3 and lysophosphatidylserine 18:1 were underexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas, compared with normal tissue. Conclusions: Lipid MALDI MS profiles accurately distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma epithelium from normal epithelium, and demonstrate the potential as a diagnostic aid.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in Korea, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most frequent histologic subtype [1,2]
One glass slide cryosection was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and the other sections were thaw-mounted onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) slide (HST Inc., Newark, NJ), desiccated in vacuum for subsequent Matrix (DHB/CHCA)-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry (MS) profiling
MALDI MS analyses were performed for 36 surgical tissue samples (16 cancers and 20 adjacent normal tissue samples) from 22 patients (Table 1)
Summary
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in Korea, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most frequent histologic subtype [1,2]. According to the National Cancer Institute Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference, thyroid lesions are categorized as benign, atypia, follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant [3,4]. Suspicious for malignancy category includes papillary thyroid cancers displaying subtle and focal nuclear and architectural changes [5]. Given the difficulty in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma using small tissue samples, more sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are urgently needed for this disease [6]. Histology-directed tissue Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS) has been used to identify lipid profiles that can distinguish cancerous epithelium from normal epithelium
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