Lipid composition of deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, crabs Munidopsis subsquamosa and Bythograea thermydron, mussels Bathymodiolus sp. and limpets Lepetodrilus spp.

Abstract

Lipid composition was determined for hydrothermal vent species collected by the Deep Submergence Vehicle ALVIN from chimneys at 2,500 m depth on the East Pacific Rise. These are the first lipid biomarker studies for most of these species. Lipid content was low and dominated by polar lipid in the vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, mussels Bathymodiolus sp. and limpets Lepetodrilus spp. The galatheid ( Munidopsis subsquamosa) and most brachyuran adult ( Bythograea thermydron) crabs were characterized by higher storage lipid (triacylglycerol). Total polyunsaturated fatty acids were similar in R. pachyptila plume and body, but higher in the posterior part of the soft body, which had more docosahexaenoic acid (2–5% of total FA) compared to the anterior and plume (≤ 0.3%). Two sulphur-oxidizing bacterial markers, 16 : 1( n − 7) c and 18 : 1( n − 7) c, were high in R. pachyptila and mussel (up to 23%), but lower in both crab species (4–17%). R. pachyptila had greater nonmethylene interrupted diunsaturated fatty acids (8–13%) than all other species (2–8%). R. pachyptila may desaturate and elongate 18 : 1( n − 7) c to obtain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20 : 5( n − 3) and 20 : 4( n − 6). The sterol composition of R. pachyptila included similar amounts of cholesterol and desmosterol, whereas the other species had a more diverse sterol composition. These differences in lipids, fatty acids and sterols reflect diverse nutritional strategies and possibly temperature regimes in these species.