Abstract
This study describes the associations between fecal microbiota and vaccine response variability in pigs, using 98 piglets vaccinated against the influenza A virus at 28 days of age (D28) with a booster at D49. Immune response to the vaccine is measured at D49, D56, D63, and D146 by serum levels of IAV-specific IgG and assays of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Analysis of the pre-vaccination microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA reveals a higher vaccine response in piglets with a richer microbiota, and shows that 23 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are differentially abundant between high and low IAV-specific IgG producers at D63. A stronger immune response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella and family Muribaculaceae, and a weaker response is linked with OTUs assigned to the genera Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. A set of 81 OTUs accurately predicts IAV-specific IgG and HAI titer levels at all time points, highlighting early and late associations between pre-vaccination fecal microbiota composition and immune response to the vaccine.
Highlights
Worldwide, livestock production and animal welfare are threatened by a multitude of diseases
The Influenza A virus (IAV)-specific IgG sition of the samples, we found that the 89 samples clustered in levels follow the response to the overall influenza epitopes, and two unbalanced groups, which mainly differed in the relative the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers follow the response restricted to hemagglutinin that abundance of Fusobacteria
Based on the range of variations for the vaccine responses measured by either seric IgG levels (Fig. 1b) or HAI titers (Fig. 1c), we identified at each time point groups of extreme responders (Table 1) that we defined as low and high responders (LR vs high vaccine responders (HR)) as described in the Methods section
Summary
Livestock production and animal welfare are threatened by a multitude of diseases. One of the main sanitary measures to defend animals against infections is vaccination, which aims to limit an individual’s susceptibility to infection and resulting infectiousness. By preventing disease at the level of the individual, vaccination subsequently protects herds and farms against widespread infections that can lead to high mortality and morbidity, and the potential of massive losses in production[1]. Vaccination promotes animal welfare and helps to stabilize animal production costs. By preventing disease before it occurs, vaccination enables a reduction in antibiotic usage on farms, which mitigates the risk of promoting antibioticresistant bacteria[2]. The swine flu is widespread around the world, affecting one out of every two farms in France[3], and has a worldwide seroprevalence that ranges from 32% in Africa to 88% in South America[4]
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