Abstract
This study is based on ethnographic research that analyzes how traditional knowledge and local beliefs on biodiversity conservation relates to the local ability to adapt and be resilient to climatic changes in two communities around Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: Nhanfisse in the buffer zone and Muanandimae in the core area. A total of 78 semi-structured interviews with heads of households were conducted. We found that both communities carried out practices and held beliefs associated with conservation, such as protecting trees and animal species considered sacred or perceived as beneficial for human life in terms of water provision and agricultural production. In addition to traditional ceremonies that respond to extreme climatic events such as drought and flood, other adaptation strategies used by the communities include moving to neighboring areas in search of better living conditions and using forest products in times of scarcity. We discuss that the management of the park should be agreed on, in a shared way, between local communities and conservation agents to ensure that these areas continue to perform the ecological, subsistence, and spiritual functions required. Our research results contribute to a better understanding of local adaptation dynamics towards extreme climatic events and improvement of management strategies.
Highlights
Human beings are considered agents of change within ecosystems, which is why the functioning of social-ecological systems does not depend exclusively on natural environmental conditions, and on the diversity of local cultural values and practices [1,2].Cultural traditions constitute a core part in the social structure of communities
This study is based on ethnographic research that analyzes how traditional knowledge and local beliefs on biodiversity conservation relates to the local ability to adapt and be resilient to climatic changes in two communities around Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: Nhanfisse in the buffer zone and Muanandimae in the core area
We discuss that the management of the park should be agreed on, in a shared way, between local communities and conservation agents to ensure that these areas continue to perform the ecological, subsistence, and spiritual functions required
Summary
Human beings are considered agents of change within ecosystems, which is why the functioning of social-ecological systems does not depend exclusively on natural environmental conditions, and on the diversity of local cultural values and practices [1,2].Cultural traditions constitute a core part in the social structure of communities. That is how local culture, belief, and practices have been adapted and shaped in response to human needs, so they can help explain human-nature and nature-culture interactions [3]. In this process, traditional ecological knowledge and socio-ecological memory provide information on historical land use practices, explain various socio-environmental phenomena, and provide mechanisms to respond to environmental changes, which can facilitate crisis responses and contribute to maintaining the resilience capacity of socio-ecological systems over time [4,5,6,7]. Socio-ecological memory, in turn, describes how an individual thought, originated from a given experience, can become part
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