Abstract
Over the last decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) effect is increasing very fast. This review article discuss the association between low level of 25-hydroxy vitamin and cardiovascular diseases. This review also tells us the direct effect of vitamin D on heart or on cardiovascular system may also be involved. Apart from regulating blood pressure, vitamin D also regulate endothelial and smooth muscle cell muscles, most studies support 25 (OH) vitamin D having protective effects on cardiovascular system. However this association of vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases is based on observation & ecological studies and thus is a matter of controversy. Adequate clinical data are not available to confirm these association. Unopposed activation of RAAS & generation of angiotensin promote arterial stiffing & endothelial dysfunction that proceed & contribute to the development of hypertension & also predictors of CVD risk.
Highlights
Over the last decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) effect is increasing very fast
Vitamin D3 is called “Sunshine vitamin” because this vitamin is synthesized in epidermis cell through UV radiation and it is consumed from fish oil and supplements [1,2]
Vitamin D is obtained from man dietry sources like fatty acid fish or through the conversion 7-dehydrocholesterol as a prehormone in the skin from exposure to sun rays
Summary
Vitamin D is obtained from man dietry sources like fatty acid fish or through the conversion 7-dehydrocholesterol as a prehormone in the skin from exposure to sun rays. Requirement of vitamin D in our body is based on health recommended dietry allowance are 600 IU/d for individuals aged 1 to 70 years and 800 IU/d for older than 70 years under condition of minimum sun exposure. A survey is done by NHANES (National health& nutrition examination survey) which indicate that deficiency of vitamin D exists in more than half of US middle-aged & older women and more than a third of aged men. In African-Americian individuals because of darkly pigmented skin there is less synthesis of vitamin D in response to sun exposure and black have lower dietary & supplemental vitamin D intake than white [10,11,12,13].
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