Abstract
A theory of gain, refractive index, and linewidth enhancement factor in the quantum dots (QDs) in the nonthermal coupling (NTC) case is discussed. The ground and excited state transitions are included. Effect of parameters, like recombination time and radiative transition time, is studied. The study shows that the QDs can have zero linewidth enhancement factor. The present review covers important patents useful in this field. Keywords: Quantum dot (QD), refractive index shift, linewidth enhancement factor (α), inhomogeneous broadening, nonthermal coupling (NTC), excited states
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