Linear sulphonate detergents as pour point depressants

Abstract

AbstractOil‐soluble metallic sulphonate detergents have been extensively used in automobile lubricants to keep engines clean and to extend their useful life. Calcium alkylbenzene sulphonate is widely used in the lubricant industry as a detergent. However, the authors have discovered that, uniquely, linear sulphonate detergents can play another role in lubricants, namely to depress the pour point of mineral oils. The authors have studied the relationship between the molecular structures of sulphonate detergents and pour point depression, and it has been found that, in order for a sulphonate detergent to be a pour point depressant (PPD), it must have a linear hydrocarbon tail. Other factors, such as the metal type, e.g., Ca or Mg, and the degree of overbasing, are not critical for pour point depression activity. A model is proposed to explain why sulphonate detergents with linear hydrocarbon tails can function as pour point depressants.