Abstract
LiMn2O4–yBrynanoparticles were synthesized successfully for the first time by a room temperature solid-state coordination method. X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated that the LiMn2O4–yBrypowders were well-crystallized pure spinel phase. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the LiMn2O4–yBrypowders consisted of small and uniform nanosized particles. Synthesis conditions such as the calcination temperature and the content of Br−were investigated to optimize the ideal condition for preparing LiMn2O4–yBrywith the best electrochemical performances. The optimized synthesis condition was found in this work; the calcination temperature is 800 °C and the content of Br−is 0.05. The initial discharge capacity of LiMn2O3.95Br0.05obtained from the optimized synthesis condition was 134 mAh/g, which is far higher than that of pure LiMn2O4, indicating introduction of Br−in LiMn2O4is quite effective in improving the initial discharge capacity.
Highlights
Development of the cathode materials for lithium–ion battery is vital to meet the demands of portable devices, power tools, e-bikes, future usages of electric vehicles, and so on [1]
Intensive research has focused on the mechanism of capacity fading and has suggested numerous solutions. Among these projects, doping [5, 6] is considered to be an effective path to improve the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4, so several attempts have been made for improving the lithium manganese spinels by doping various metals ions [7,8,9,10]
When the calcination temperature increases to 700 °C, the impurity peaks of Mn2O3 disappear and the pure spinel LiMn2O4 structure forms, which indicates that pure spinel LiMn2O4 can be produced by heat treatment at relatively higher temperatures
Summary
Development of the cathode materials for lithium–ion battery is vital to meet the demands of portable devices, power tools, e-bikes, future usages of electric vehicles, and so on [1]. In 1999, Amatucci et al [11] and Palacin et al [12] reported that the introduction of the anion in spinel structure can reduce the Mn oxidation state and increase the first discharge capacity. Doping do not seem to change the spinel structure of the samples because no other impurity peaks are observed in the XRD patterns.
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