Abstract
BackgroundMalaria causes major public health problems globally and drug resistance hinders its control and elimination. Molecular markers associated with drug resistance are considered as a beneficial tool to monitor the disease trends, evolution and distribution so as to help improve drug policy.MethodsWe collected 148 Plasmodium falciparum and 20 Plasmodium vivax isolates imported into Hangzhou city, China between 2014 and 2019. k13 gene of P. falciparum and k12 of P. vivax were sequenced. Polymorphisms and prevalence of k13 and k12 were analyzed.ResultsMost (98.65%, 146/148) P. falciparum infections were imported from Africa, and half P. vivax cases came from Africa and the other half from Asia. Nucleotide mutation prevalence was 2.03% (3/148) and the proportion of amino acid mutations was 0.68% (1/148). The amino acid mutation, A676S, was observed in an isolate from Nigeria. No mutation of k12 was observed from the parasites from African and Asian countries.ConclusionsLimited polymorphism in k13 gene of P. falciparum isolates imported from African countries, but no evidence for the polymorphism of k12 in P. vivax samples from African and Asian countries was found. These results provide information for drug policy update in study region.
Highlights
Malaria is one of the most important public health problems worldwide
Limited polymorphism in k13 gene of P. falciparum isolates imported from African countries, but no evidence for the polymorphism of k12 in P. vivax samples from African and Asian countries was found
P. falciparum and P. vivax samples were obtained from imported malaria cases in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2019. k13 gene of P. falciparum and k12 of P. vivax were sequenced to identify and track the prevalence of drug resistance in the countries of origin, so as to provide evidence for refinement of drug policy
Summary
98.65% (146/148) P. falciparum infections were imported from Africa, while two cases returned back from Asia. For imported cases of vivax malaria, half came from Africa and half from. We collected 168 samples of malaria infections imported from Africa and other countries of Asia to Hangzhou city, China, including 148 P. falciparum and 20 P. vivax cases. Nucleotide mutation at position 2026 resulted in non-synonymous mutation of amino acid. A676S, while nucleotide mutations at positions 1767 and 1479 did not bring in non-synonymous amino acid mutations. K12 propeller polymorphisms k12 of all P. vivax isolates was successfully amplified and sequenced, and compared with the reference. All the k12 of 20 imported P. vivax cases were identical to the reference sequence. No mutation of k12 was observed from the isolates from Africa and Asia
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