Abstract
This study reports the use of lime mud (LM) in cement-based-mortars. Lime mud is a waste generated in the production of cellulose by the kraft mill process. It is mainly composed of CaCO3, a small amount of magnesium carbonate and other trace minerals. Mortars were prepared by adding different amounts of LM (10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement) in dry weight. The mortar compositions were evaluated through rheology and flow table measurements, assuring that all the samples exhibited adequate conditions for testing in both equipments. The hardened state properties were also evaluated through mechanical strengths at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing. Following a waste management solution perspective, this work intend to provide a general evaluation of LM application in cement based mortars, looking at both fresh and hardened properties in order to guarantee that the final application requirements are not hindered.
Highlights
The negative influence of wastes on the construction materials properties require further research in order to optimize the characteristics of them
The environmental damage and the wastes generated from industrial activity, increased significantly worldwide and one of the most common solid waste disposal means is in controlled landfills
lime mud (LM) real density was slightly lighter than Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Summary
The negative influence of wastes on the construction materials properties require further research in order to optimize the characteristics of them. Lime mud is an industrial pulp and paper kraft mill solid waste of the chemical recovery unit (Figure 1) It has the code 03 03 09 in the European List of wastes (2004) [10]. The production of industrial pre-mixed mortars exceeds several million tons each year, consuming a huge amount of natural but pre-treated raw materials (e.g. siliceous sand) as aggregate as well as cement. This activity could be looked as a target for the use of lime mud, as currently happens with the ashes generated from the coal and biomass combustion in concrete [13, 14]. European Standards relating to aggregates for mortars (EN 13139: 2003) [25] allows up to 22% in mass as an aggregate component
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