Abstract
During the evolutionary development of plants, lignin emerged, engaging in a remarkable synergy with polysaccharides. This union enhanced the adaptability of plants to harsh environments through a complementary relationship. Lignin addresses the inherent limitations of polysaccharides, including hydrophobicity, ultraviolet (UV) resistance, and environmental stability. Building on this natural paradigm, we explore the development of artificial lignin/polysaccharide composites (LPCs), encompassing a range of combinations such as lignin/cellulose, lignin/chitosan, lignin/starch, lignin/alginate, lignin/agarose, and lignin/carrageen composites. This review provides a comprehensive examination of lignin’s origins, understanding, properties, and the advancements and challenges faced by polysaccharides. We detail the fabrication of LPCs from lignin and natural polysaccharides, discussing their construction strategies, properties, and potential applications. Furthermore, we highlight existing challenges and future opportunities for the improved utilization of LPCs. Our aim is to catalyze the effective use of lignin and natural polysaccharides, offering fresh insights for the innovation of next-regeneration LPCs.
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