Lighting of the Urban Interior in the Residential Environment

Abstract

Sustainable development is an inclusive concept, which has, among other things, significance for the shaping of architecture and urban planning assumptions related to the principles of sustainable design. They include the need to respect the land, care for present and future generations, rational management of the natural resources, energy efficiency and the use of alternative energy sources. The indicated attitude in the field of project activity is vital for its effect, which directly influences the comfort of living and social satisfaction, so important for the success of the investment. Sustainable design requires expressing the concern the natural environment, which is an inseparable part of the human habitat. It affects the comfort of living, the shape of pro-health conditions, and also has a positive effect on the psychological wellbeing of a person. The study aims to assess the impact of the climatic conditions on the quality of residential areas. Rational use of the characteristic features of climatic zones and the conditions that are associated with them determine the improvement of the quality of the built environment shaped by the man. Climatic factors such as solar radiation, temperature, air circulation and air humidity are essential for low-energy building, whose indicators depend on the use of appropriate technologies and materials as well as on natural factors such as climatic features. The object - in its full life cycle, taking into account its parameters or the energy demand, is controlled by the BIM standard, which gains an ever-growing number of supporters. It is also a technology obligatory in many countries, applied in the field of design practice, which is of particular importance for facilities with large cubic capacity. Control over bigger structures allows to minimise errors in the functioning of the facilities or plan the costs associated with their maintenance, including scheduled repairs and modernisation. BIM is particularly useful for controlling energy indicators of the facilities, whose sizes depend on the relationship between the natural environment and the constructed one. The analysis of the indicated compounds allows to formulate guidelines useful at particular stages of shaping housing development, and thus forming buildings and urban spaces. Variable meteorological factors are possible to be defined by conditions allowing the determination of climatic zones with their characteristic features. The degree of solar radiation depends on: the state of the atmosphere, the properties of the ground and other surfaces, the geometric layout of the considered urban interior including biologically active areas, population density, the size of the city, and the extent of its industrialisation. The temperature is also influenced by the size of the urban centre and the developed areas, population, the morphology of the place and accompanying meteorological factors (cloudiness, windfall). The article presents the influence of the insolation on the architectural object and housing conditions. It should be emphasised that solar radiation is necessary for the physical and biological processes on Earth, essential for human life. In addition, the energy of radiation is obtained without inputs associated with the source of the origin. Therefore it is crucial for spatial planning, conditioning proper lighting of urban interiors and promoting thermal comfort in places of residence, using a natural source of heat.\\