Light-sensitive and strain-controlled flexible DNA/graphene/GaN bio-hybrid sensor based on the piezophototronic effect

Abstract

A significant need exists for high-sensitivity, high-flexibility, and low-power piezophototronic sensors (PS) capable of monitoring small deformations or vibrations and polarization-sensitive photodetection in critical situations. Recently, interest in flexible optoelectronics has been initiated with the incorporation of biomolecules into photoelectric and piezoelectric principles, particularly because of the rapid development of organic-inorganic-based bio-hybrid PSs (Bio-HPSs). In this study, we provide a novel method for fabricating flexible, light-sensitive Bio-HPS based on the piezophototronic effect by employing DNA biomolecules on a graphene/GaN substrate. Flexible Bio-HPSs are responsive to infrared, halogen, and ultraviolet (UV) wavebands. Furthermore, in the dark, the flexible Bio-HPS displayed a gauge factor of 459 at an applied compressive strain of −0.32%. Furthermore, the gauge factors for the infrared, halogen, and UV wavelengths increased to 645, 788, and 898, respectively, under the same strain conditions. The integration of high-mobility graphene with DNA biomolecules on a GaN substrate through the piezophototronic effect may be the cause of the fluctuation in gauge factor values under various lighting conditions. These findings facilitate adaptable applications in real-world industries such as soft robotics, healthcare, and artificial intelligence.