Abstract
Light is considered a factor that influences the seed germination of many weed species, and it can signal whether the environmental conditions are favorable or are not favorable for germination. We aimed to study if there is an influence of light quality and dormancy overcoming in seed germination of Echium plantagineum L. We carried out a 2 x 6 factorial experiment, with and without dormancy overcoming with potassium nitrate followed by immersion in gibberellic acid; six light qualities, obtained through the light filters: blue, green, red, far-red, white light and absence of light. The evaluations performed were germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT), germination at the four and 14 days after seeding (DAS), accumulated germination and relative frequency of germination. We observed significant interaction among the light qualities and seed dormancy overcoming or not for the studied variables. There was no significant effect of light qualities, in the evaluated variables, when performing dormancy overcoming, presenting germination above 90% in all the light qualities. However, without dormancy overcoming, we observed greater GSI, germination at four and 14 DAS for the red light filter with 5, 4, 29 and 45%, respectively. When the seeds were submitted to the absence of light, and without dormancy overcoming, there was only 7% of germination at 14 DAS. The seeds of E. plantagineum presented greater germination under incidence of red light, without dormancy overcoming, being classified as preferably positively photoblastics, provided that the dormancy is not overcome.
Highlights
Echium plantagineum L., Boraginaceae, known in the South of Brazil as purple flower or “soagem”, characterizes itself as an important weed of winter, infesting annual crop areas, as well as pastures and roadsides
We aimed to study if there is an influence of light quality and dormancy overcoming in seed germination of Echium plantagineum L
Significant interaction we observed (p
Summary
Echium plantagineum L., Boraginaceae, known in the South of Brazil as purple flower or “soagem”, characterizes itself as an important weed of winter, infesting annual crop areas, as well as pastures and roadsides. This species is native from European countries near the Mediterranean and North Africa, being considered weed with economical importance in Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand and South America (Weston et al, 2012; Florentine et al, 2018) It presents fast growth, high leaf area production, aggressive root system, adaptability to water deficiency conditions, temperature variations and photoperiod, and elevated ability of competition for water and nutrients (Sharma and Esler, 2008; Konarzewski et al, 2012). It characterizes itself by the scorpioid inflorescence and fruit denominated carcerulus (indehiscent dry fruit and one-seeded), whose seed remains united to the fruit, being a unit of dissemination and propagation (Moreira and Bragança, 2010; Souza and Lorenzi, 2012)
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