Abstract
Electrochemistry represents an important analytical technique used to acquire and assess chemical information in detail, which can aid fundamental investigations in various fields, such as biological studies. For example, electrochemistry can be used as simple and cost-effective means for bio-marker tracing in applications, such as health monitoring and food security screening. In combination with light, powerful spatially-resolved applications in both the investigation and manipulation of biochemical reactions begin to unfold. In this article, we focus primarily on light-addressable electrochemistry based on semiconductor materials and light-readable electrochemistry enabled by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, the emergence of multiplexed and imaging applications will also be introduced.
Highlights
Bioelectronic devices serve as a platform to transfer biochemical information as electronic readout signals, the development of which provides ease of access to the chemical and biological world
We will discuss light-addressable electrochemistry based on the two aforementioned mechanisms, i.e., the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) and light-addressable electrode (LAE)
Numerous microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been fabricated with the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that enable measurement of the local concentration of analytes reacted upon electrodes and offer electrochemical images by integration of the current and position information [1,2] (Figure 3a)
Summary
Bioelectronic devices serve as a platform to transfer biochemical information as electronic readout signals, the development of which provides ease of access to the chemical and biological world. Amperometric, potentiometric, and conductometric measurement methods are utilized among the variety of bioelectronic devices used as biosensors to study biophysical and biochemical events. Deploying light within such electrochemical systems, including light-addressable and light-readable systems, enables spatially-defined biochemical detection as well as manipulation. We focus primarily on the recent developments of two major types of electrochemistry with meaningful light interactions the photoelectronic effect within semiconductor materials, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence. We will introduce promising multiplexed and imaging applications used to reveal detailed biochemistry with high spatial and temporal resolutions
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