Abstract
Light-emitting diodes [LEDs] are of particular interest recently as their performance is approaching fluorescent/incandescent tubes. Moreover, their energy-saving property is attracting many researchers because of the huge energy crisis we are facing. Among all methods intending to enhance the efficiency and intensity of a conventional LED, localized surface plasmon resonance is a promising way. The mechanism is based on the energy coupling effect between the emitted photons from the semiconductor and metallic nanoparticles fabricated by nanotechnology. In this review, we describe the mechanism of this coupling effect and summarize the common fabrication techniques. The prospect, including the potential to replace fluorescent/incandescent lighting devices as well as applications to flat panel displays and optoelectronics, and future challenges with regard to the design of metallic nanostructures and fabrication techniques are discussed.
Highlights
Light-emitting diodes [LEDs] have attracted much scientific and commercial interest since the realization of a practical LED device with emission frequencies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum [1]
OLEDs to almost unity [11,12,13], that of LEDs with inorganic emitting materials such as GaN, CdSe, and Si QDs or QWs remains unsatisfactory because nonradiative electron/hole pair recombination dominates
Several methods have been proposed to enhance the overall efficiency of LEDs, and they include substrate modification and incorporation of scattering medium, micro-lenses, nanogratings, corrugated microstructures, photonic crystals, and so on [14,15,16,17]
Summary
Light-emitting diodes [LEDs] have attracted much scientific and commercial interest since the realization of a practical LED device with emission frequencies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum [1]. With regard to the efficiency improvement rendered by LSPR, it is supposed that the enhanced electric field interacts with the emitting materials, increasing the spontaneous emission rate and enhancing the IQE of the device. This assumption can be partly verified by experiments showing that the radiative decay rate and Figure 2 Noble metallic NP layer deposited on or within a conventional LED to enhance efficiency of device. The spontaneous emission rate and the IQE are better
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