Light-emitting diode red light therapy: evidence base for aesthetic indications

Abstract

Non-invasive approaches to skin rejuvenation, such light-emitting diode (LED) red light therapy, are increasing in popularity owing to their affordability, effective treatment outcomes and minimal downtime. In contrast to traumatic ablative (e.g. laser resurfacing) and non-ablative (e.g. intense pulsed light) skin rejuvenation modalities, which induce secondary tissue repair by causing controlled damage to the epidermis or dermis, LED red light therapy is atraumatic and bypasses the initial destructive step by directly stimulating regenerative processes in the skin. Its mechanisms of action encompass increased cellular proliferation, as well as stimulation of tissue regeneration, through targeting fibroblasts, keratinocytes and immune cells (mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages), which can be stimulated using specific wavelengths with significant tissue penetration properties. A growing body of literature supports the safe use of this treatment modality in aesthetic medicine.