Abstract
Life expectancy is the average survival time of individuals at a specific age, subject to genetic and environmental influences. Life expectancy is calculated by means of life tables to estimate the remaining years a person is expected to live at a specific age, either by applying probability of death from a given birth cohort over their lifetime (cohort life tables), or assuming the age‐specific probabilities of death from a given population in a given year prevail to the end of life for a hypothetical cohort (period life tables) (Shryock, Siegel, and Larmon 1980). The life expectancy at birth represents the average lifespan of a newborn infant, which summarizes the lifetime mortality experience of a population (World Health Organization 2014b). The higher the life expectancy at birth, the better overall health of the population. Lifespan measures how long people can live. The longest human lifespan is claimed to be 122 years 164 days (Jeanne Calment, 1875–1997, France; Guinness World Records 2014). Longevity means living longer than average life.
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