Abstract
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Highlights
Mortality, at younger ages, is a key measure of population health
For all vital registration (VR) systems and sample registration systems, we have evaluated how well these systems have captured deaths in adults using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods (DDM).[21,22]
There are several well-described variants in DDM methods, each with particular advantages and limitations; in simulation studies, we found no real advantage for one method over the others.[21]
Summary
Avoiding premature mortality from any cause is a crucial goal for every health system, and targets for mortality reduction are central in the development agenda for improving health.[1,2] In the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), reducing mortality rates among children was one of eight overall goals.[3] In the current era of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reducing neonatal and under-5 mortality remains a priority, accompanied by attention to reducing premature deaths among adults from non-communicable causes, road injuries, natural disasters, and other causes.[4] As the global health agenda broadens, the need for up-todate and accurate measurement of overall mortality continues to grow. Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016
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