Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of the phosphate fertilizer industry, poses significant environmental challenges due to its huge production and complex composition. Efficient and large-scale utilization of PG remains a global issue. China, as the world's largest producer and discharger of PG, faces a relatively low utilization rate and urgently needs effective management strategies. This study evaluates the environmental and economic performance of the main PG treatment pathways in China using life cycle assessment (LCA). The results reveal notable benefits for all three utilization technologies, with sulfuric acid co-production cement (PSC) offering the greatest environmental advantages and β-building gypsum (PBG) providing the highest economic benefits. Scenario analysis suggests PSC as the most effective strategy for achieving dual environmental and economic gains, making it a strong candidate for large-scale implementation. These findings provide critical insights for future PG management strategies in China.
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