Abstract
In this work, we identified the characteristics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of ferrofluid past a radiated stretching surface. Cobalt–kerosene ferrofluid is considered and the impacts of Navier slip and convective heating are additionally considered. The mathematical model which describes the problem was built from some partial differential equations and then converted to self-similar equations with the assistance of the Lie group method; after that, the mathematical model was solved numerically with the aid of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. Graphical representations were used to exemplify the impact of influential parameters on dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles; the obtained results for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number were also examined graphically. It was demonstrated that the magnetic field, Navier slip, and solid volume fraction of ferroparticles tended to reduce the dimensionless velocity, while the radiation parameter and Biot number had no effects on the dimensionless velocity. Moreover, the magnetic field and solid volume fraction increase skin friction whereas Navier slip reduces the skin friction. Furthermore, the Navier slip and magnetic field reduce the Nusselt number, whereas solid volume fraction of ferroparticles, convective heating, and radiation parameters help in increasing the Nusselt number.
Highlights
Flow and convective heat transfer through a stretching surface play an essential role in research due to their presence in many engineering and industrial applications
We investigated the unsteady magento-flow and heat transfer of Cobalt–kerosene ferrofluid past a stretchable surface
The effects of the magnetic field Ha and dimensionless time τ on the velocity are symbolized in Figure 1a and on the dimensionless temperature in Figure 1b, respectively
Summary
Flow and convective heat transfer through a stretching surface play an essential role in research due to their presence in many engineering and industrial applications. Enchantment in the surface area and the rate of heat transfer occurred and many improvements have recently been performed for this issue [4] This scheme of nanofluid is processed by integrating the pure fluid and classical equations of mass. The study of the combination of the fluid flow dynamic traits and the trait of electromagnetism is called magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). It is a technique where the activities can be arrested electrically, associated with fluid flow in the presence of a magnetic flux field. The recent advancements in modern technology have stimulated research interest in the analysis of boundary layer ferrofluid flow overstretching surfaces for its use in various engineering and industrial applications, such as paper production, fiberglass production, several engineering processes like solar power technology, etc
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