Abstract
Egypt has witnessed two political revolutions in 1952 and 2011. Following the revolutions, while Nasser came to power after the overthrow of the Egyptian monarchy, Morsi took the lead after the fall of Mubarak’s 30-year rule in Egypt. Given leader-centric foreign policies in authoritarian/developing countries, both leaders with divergent agendas were expected to change Egypt’s existing foreign policy to a great extent. Nasser satisfied this expectation, whereas Morsi failed to make radical foreign policy changes in Egypt. This study aims firstly to present individual-level factors that play substantial roles in whether leaders become effective and influential in foreign policy and then tries to show how these factors paved the way for the difference between the impacts of Nasser and Morsi on Egypt’s foreign policy.
Highlights
It has been a prevalent assumption that leaders of developing and authoritarian countries play the main role in the making of foreign policy
This study aims firstly to present individual-level factors that play substantial roles in whether leaders become effective and influential in foreign policy and tries to show how these factors paved the way for the difference between the impacts of Nasser and Morsi on Egypt’s foreign policy
This article will explore the periods of President Gamal Abdel Nasser and President Mohamed Morsi in Egyptian political history as those two leaders have similarities and essential differences: both came to power after the revolution; both tried to change existing Egyptian foreign policy (EFP) according to their own set of values that are not in line with the previous ones
Summary
It has been a prevalent assumption that leaders of developing and authoritarian countries play the main role in the making of foreign policy. Parallel to this assumption, this article will explore the periods of President Gamal Abdel Nasser and President Mohamed Morsi in Egyptian political history as those two leaders have similarities and essential differences: both came to power after the revolution; both tried to change existing Egyptian foreign policy (EFP) according to their own set of values that are not in line with the previous ones. The article hypothesizes that, individual, domestic, and systemic factors together play key roles, individual-level independent variables, to a great extent, may explain the varying effectiveness of Nasser and Morsi on foreign policy as a dependent variable
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