Abstract
We study confinement in 4d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 theories obtained by deforming 4d \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 theories of Class S. We argue that confinement in a vacuum of the \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 theory is encoded in the 1-cycles of the associated \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 curve. This curve is the spectral cover associated to a generalized Hitchin system describing the profiles of two Higgs fields over the Riemann surface upon which the 6d (2,0)(2,0) theory is compactified. Using our method, we reproduce the expected properties of confinement in various classic examples, such as 4d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 pure Super-Yang-Mills theory and the Cachazo-Seiberg-Witten setup. More generally, this work can be viewed as providing tools for probing confinement in non-Lagrangian \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 theories, which we illustrate by constructing an infinite class of non-Lagrangian \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 theories that contain confining vacua. The simplest model in this class is an \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1 deformation of the \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 theory obtained by gauging SU(3)^3SU(3)3 flavor symmetry of the E_6E6 Minahan-Nemeschansky theory.
Highlights
We study confinement in 4d N = 1 theories obtained by deforming 4d N = 2 theories of Class S
The goal of this paper is to study confinement in N = 1 deformations of 4d N = 2 Class S theories [4], i.e. those 4d N = 2 theories that can be obtained via compactification of the 6d (2, 0) theories on Riemann surfaces with a partial topological twist
The class of 4d theories we study in this paper are related to 4d N = 2 theories of Class S obtained by compactifying 6d An−1 (2, 0) superconformal field theory (SCFT) on a punctured Riemann surface Cg of genus g with arbitrary punctures but without any outer-automorphism twists
Summary
To explain and test our framework we first consider pure N = 1 SYM as well as an extension to the setup studied in Cachazo-Seiberg-Witten (CSW) [20–22, 44], which corresponds to turning on a superpotential for the adjoint chiral superfield that lives in the N = 2 vector multiplet Both instances have well-documented confining vacua and we use them to test our general framework and to showcase how to go from the N = 1 curve to the area/perimeter law of line operators. The main conceptual background of the paper will be explained, which includes the N = 1 curve and associated Hitchin system In appendix E we discuss the relation to the Dijkgraaf-Vafa curve
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