Abstract
LGBT Hate Crime: Promoting a Queer Agenda for Hate Crime Scholarship
Highlights
Hate crime laws in England and Wales have emerged as a response from many decades of the criminal justice system overlooking the structural and institutional oppression faced by minorities
Research and scholarship involving LGBT people were commonly associated with gay and lesbian studies, which examined the sociality of lesbians and gay men in their shared experiences of transgressive sexuality
The framing of gender and sexuality into binarisms - as male/ female, hetero/homo is too limiting if the true complexities of victimisation, within the parameters of hate crime, are to be understood
Summary
Hate crime laws in England and Wales have emerged as a response from many decades of the criminal justice system overlooking the structural and institutional oppression faced by minorities. The murder of Stephen Lawrence highlighted the historic neglect and myopia of racist hate crime by criminal justice agencies It exposed the institutionalised racism within the police in addition to the historic neglect of minority groups (Macpherson, 1999). Scholarly definitions of hate crime remain contested; the phrase ‘hate crime’ infers extreme acts of violence, ignoring everyday patterns of hate violence (Chakraborti & Garland, 2015; Hall, 2005). This presents unique epistemological and ontological challenges to hate crime research. I outline two cases of non-binary identities to expose the colonial and heteronormative
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