LEXICAL FEATURES OF BORROWED VOCABULARY OF THE FORMATION PERIOD OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF DISEASES IN RUSSIA

Abstract

The study complements the information about the nature of the medical term within the framework of historical terminology.
 Purpose. The article discusses the linguistic features of medical borrowed terms denoting human diseases.
 Materials and methods. The material was medical scientific texts on surgery and pharmacology of 1835-1899 editions. The analysis used lexico-semantic, etymological and word-formation analysis of vocabulary, a comparative method of linguistic research.
 Results. The results of the study suggest that by the nineteenth century, the Russian scientific medical terminology of diseases was finally formed in the national language. The basis of the formation are lexical units of Greek-Latin origin, there were also borrowings from Polish, French, and English. Comparative analysis of terms in different languages has shown the presence of a large number of terms-internationalisms. Translated borrowings and calculus were used in the formation of terms. The study revealed the difficulty of proving the formation of terms by calculus. The analysis of medical terms revealed semantic differences in the source language and in the recipient language, which confirms: 1) the artificial nature of the formation of the terminological system, 2) the presence of national specificity of terms denoting diseases. Thus, the results of the study show that with the unity of the laws of human cognition, an individual understanding of the world picture is manifested in each language; the names of diseases formed on the basis of the national language reflect the popular understanding of diseases.
 Practical implications. The factual material and conclusions of the article can be used both in terminology and in the course of medical education.