Abstract
Product Service Systems (PSS) and Smart Services are powerful means for deploying Circular Economy (CE) goals in industrial practices, through dematerialization, extension of product lifetime and efficiency increase by digitization. Within this article, approaches from PSS design, Smart Service design and Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are combined to form a Methodology for Smart Service Architecture Definition (MESSIAH). First, analyses of present system modelling procedures and systems modelling notations in terms of their suitability for Smart Service development are presented. The results indicate that current notations and tools do not entirely fit the requirements of Smart Service development, but that they can be adapted in order to do so. The developed methodology includes a modelling language system, the MESSIAH Blueprinting framework, a systematic procedure and MESSIAH CE, which is specifically designed for addressing CE strategies and practices. The methodology was validated on the example of a Smart Sustainable Street Light System for Cycling Security (SHEILA). MESSIAH proved useful to help Smart Service design teams develop service-driven and robust Smart Services. By applying MESSIAH CE, a sustainable Smart Service, which addresses CE goals, has been developed.
Highlights
In the 21st century, humankind is increasingly confronted with the limits of the capacities of our planet; natural resources are finite and greenhouse gas emissions foster climate change [1]
This paper presented a first study on the applicability of certain modelling notations for expressing Product Service Systems (PSS) and the relationships in modelling products and services on the architecture level
Two utility analyses are presented. They served to identify an understanding of the current systems modelling procedure and notations in Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) as well as to derive requirements for the development of Methodology for Smart Service Architecture Definition (MESSIAH)
Summary
In the 21st century, humankind is increasingly confronted with the limits of the capacities of our planet; natural resources are finite and greenhouse gas emissions foster climate change [1]. Climate change is strongly driven by the incineration of fossil fuels [4] In various sectors, such as electricity and heat production, transportation, industry or waste processing, energy consumption is dependent on the manufacturing [5], consumption [6] and material recovery [7] of products. Consumption and material recovery heavily influence energy consumption, and climate change, they are a main driver for resource consumption. Production requires energy and resources in order to transform raw materials into the desired form. Material recovery processes show significant differences within their levels of energy and resource-intensity. Remanufacturing processes still require energy and material, but the levels can be lower than for recycling [8]
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