Abstract
The present study describes the analysis of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) occurrence in twenty beer samples commercially marketed and widely consumed in Romania. Levels of these compounds were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results indicated that 20% of the examined samples were contaminated with one OCP residues, while 45% of samples have presented multiple pesticides. Among individual compounds, γ-HCH (Lindane) and p,p, DDE were the main contributors to the total OCP residues, suggesting a long-time persistence of these pesticides in soil, recent usage or uncontrolled penetration from some sources. The contamination frequency with the different OCPs of analysed samples was in the following order: DDTs]Driens]Heptachlor]Lindane]HCB. The average lifetime of a daily dose (LADD) for the total compounds under study, were below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for individual compounds, ranging between 1.41E-07 and 3.13E-06 mg kg bw-1d-1. Also, hazard quotient were presented with very low values (HQ[1), suggesting that, in the analysed samples, the OCP residues represent no threat to human health.
Highlights
Experimental part ReagentsAnalytical standards of aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, hexachlor-benzene (HCB), heptachlor, α, β, γ -hexachlor-ciclohexane (HCH), p,p, DDE, p,p, DDD, p,p, DDT were obtained from Dr Ehrenstorfer (Ausberg, Germany)
The present study describes the analysis of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) occurrence in twenty beer samples commercially marketed and widely consumed in Romania
Hazard quotient were presented with very low values (HQ
Summary
Analytical standards of aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, hexachlor-benzene (HCB), heptachlor, α, β, γ -hexachlor-ciclohexane (HCH), p,p, DDE, p,p, DDD, p,p, DDT were obtained from Dr Ehrenstorfer (Ausberg, Germany). Pesticide-grade ethyl acetate, acetone, n-hexane and anhydrous sodium sulphate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Helium and nitrogen gases of 99.99% purity were purchased from Fluka (Switzerland). Anhydrous sodium sulphate activated at 2000C, was used to retain impurities. Instrumental analysis OCPs were analysed using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph (GC), equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). Extraction Samples of 100 mL beer have been extracted in an ultrasound bath with 3x10mL hexane for 10 min, the extracts were centrifuged for 10 min at 9000rcf and the supernatants were collected and filtered. After that, ~30 ml of the filtered extract was applied to 5 g of activated florisil column and topped with 1 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate, which was prewashed with n-hexan. The concentrated aliquot was blown down with nitrogen, the internal standard 2,4,5 trichlorobiphenyl (IS) was added and the final volume was injected
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