Abstract
Using large-eddy simulation (LES), we calculate the concentration fluctuations of passive plumes from an elevated (ES) and a ground-level source (GLS) in a turbulent boundary layer over a rough wall. The mean concentration, relative fluctuations and spectra are found in good agreement with the wind-tunnel measurements. The Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) is applied to model the upper tail of the probability density function of concentration time series, collected at many typical locations for GLS and ES from both LES and experiments. The relative maxima and return levels against downstream distance, which are estimated from numerical data, are in good agreement with those from experimental data.
Published Version
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