Abstract
The occurrence of leptospirosis has defied epidemiology even when using different analysis technologies at local geographical levels. This cross-sectional and descriptive study sought to identify spatial correlations between social and environmental risk factors and leptospirosis in Belém in the State of Pará from 2007 to 2013. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Pará State Department of Public Health and the environmental, demographic and cartographical data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Men aged 20 to 39 of unknown profession and mixed ethnicity were the most affected. Laboratory diagnosis (82%) and hospital care (67.22%) confirmed satisfactory access to the Unified Health System. Numerical Kriging indicated the highest concentrations of the disease in the Guamá and Jurunas neighborhoods in lower lying areas near canals. The Buffer technique showed higher concentrations of the disease in areas with no domestic solid garbage collection service (26%), sewage (22%), piped water (38%), with unpaved roads (20%) and street flooding (65%). The Moran technique revealed a direct spatial correlation between these variables (p = 0.01543). The general trend showed the decrease of the disease.
Highlights
Resumo A ocorrência da leptospirose tem desafiado a epidemiologia na utilização de diferentes tecnologias de análises em escalas geográficas locais
Epidemiological data were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Pará State Department of Public Health and the environmental, demographic and cartographical data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
Numerical Kriging indicated the highest concentrations of the disease in the Guamá and Jurunas neighborhoods in lower lying areas near canals
Summary
Retrospectivo, observacional, descritivo, de base populacional e sem coleta de material biológico foi realizado de acordo com as normas de pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Saúde[21]. A técnica de estimativa de Moran foi utilizada para medir a autocorrelação espacial da localização dos casos contidos em setores censitários com as áreas onde ocorreram os fatores de riscos ambientais e socioeconômicos levantados, devido esta técnica estimar uma autocorrelação direta, indireta ou inexistente entre dados expressos em áreas. Com relação aos fatores de riscos socioeconômicos de transmissão da leptospirose, observados nos setores censitários dos bairros Guamá, Jurunas e Condor, a presença de acúmulo de resíduos sólidos domiciliares ocorreu na ordem de 36,11%, 26,58% e 66,67%; a ausência de esgoto de 27,78%, 0,00% e 11,11%; ausência de água encanada de 19,44%, 51,90% e 11,11%; habitação de madeira de 29,86%, 22,78% e 16,67% e arruamento não pavimentado de 39,58%; 22,78% e 5,56%, respectivamente. Correlação espacial da Leptospirose e fatores de riscos ambientais na área de estudo e período. 2007 a 2013
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