Leptospirosis in pediatrics, a diagnosis to be considered

Abstract

Human leptospirosis is an important cause of acute febrile disease that most frequently affects tropical areas. Its main reserve is rodents, so the infection is limited by factors of poverty, health deficit, recreational and work activities that favor contact with the urine of infected animals, contaminated water or soil. Leptospira spp infections have a non-specific presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to multisystem compromise with high mortality; being the clinical suspicion and the presence of risk factors the initial variables for the diagnosis of the disease. Among the available methods for microbiological diagnosis, direct observation, culture, polymerase chain reaction and serology that allows confirmation of this are highlighted. The treatment of leptospirosis in children is based on clinical support measures and the antibiotic initiation of β-lactams or macrolides. Disease prevention measures are fundamental in the population exposed to risk being essential resources general interventions, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. The knowledge, diagnostic consideration, and timely treatment in pediatric patients accelerate recovery and limit the appearance of complications that can impact the quality of life.