Lepton flavorful fifth force and depth-dependent neutrino matter interactions

Mark B Wise,Yue Zhang

doi:10.1007/jhep06(2018)053

Abstract

We consider a fifth force to be an interaction that couples to matter with a strength that grows with the number of atoms. In addition to competing with the strength of gravity a fifth force can give rise to violations of the equivalence principle. Current long range constraints on the strength and range of fifth forces are very impressive. Amongst possible fifth forces are those that couple to lepton flavorful charges Le − Lμ or Le − Lτ. They have the property that their range and strength are also constrained by neutrino interactions with matter. In this brief note we review the existing constraints on the allowed parameter space in gauged mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_e-{L}_{mu },{L}_{tau }} . We find two regions where neutrino oscillation experiments are at the frontier of probing such a new force. In particular, there is an allowed range of parameter space where neutrino matter interactions relevant for long baseline oscillation experiments depend on the depth of the neutrino beam below the surface of the earth.

Highlights

We find two regions where neutrino oscillation experiments are at the frontier of probing such a new force
There is an allowed range of parameter space where neutrino matter interactions relevant for long baseline oscillation experiments depend on the depth of the neutrino beam below the surface of the earth
In the massless Z limit, it has been realized that the matter effect in neutrino oscillations can be more sensitive to a small g than fifth force and equivalence principle tests [3, 4]

Summary

Introduction

There is an allowed range of parameter space where neutrino matter interactions relevant for long baseline oscillation experiments depend on the depth of the neutrino beam below the surface of the earth. In the presence of a long range U(1)e−μ force, a muon neutrino traveling underground with depth d feels an attractive potential energy from all the electrons around it within a radius ∼ 1/MZ . Such flavor dependent matter potential could affect the splitting among (effective) neutrino masses and their oscillation probabilities [1, 2].

Results

Conclusion