Abstract
We investigate the separable states ρ of an arbitrary multi-partite quantum system with Hilbert space [Formula: see text] of dimension d. The length L(ρ) of ρ is defined as the smallest number of pure product states having ρ as their mixture. The length filtration of the set of separable states, [Formula: see text], is the increasing chain [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We define the maximum length, [Formula: see text], critical length, Lcrit, and yet another special length, Lc, which was defined by a simple formula in one of our previous papers. The critical length indicates the first term in the length filtration whose dimension is equal to [Formula: see text]. We show that in general d≤Lc≤Lcrit≤Lmax≤d2. We conjecture that the equality Lcrit=Lc holds for all finite-dimensional multi-partite quantum systems. Our main result is that Lcrit=Lc for the bipartite systems having a single qubit as one of the parties. This is accomplished by computing the rank of the Jacobian matrix of a suitable map having [Formula: see text] as its range.
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