Legitimacy, Loyalty and Civilian Support for the Moro Islamic Liberation Front: Changing Dynamics in Mindanao, Philippines

Abstract

This paper contributes to the academic literature on rebel group transitions, using the case of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in Mindanao, Philippines to analyze the use of religion and ideology as legitimizing strategies by rebel groups for enhancing civilian support. Drawing on empirical field research conducted with Maranao and Maguindanao communities during 2008–2010, the findings suggest that religion and ideology as legitimization strategies are of diminishing significance in the Moro conflict. This result is due to the following factors. First, due to shifts in the MILF's base structures, civilian proximity to MILF camps that defined intensity and overtness of support has waned; second, growing Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) presence on the ground and infiltration of its security agents into communities has enhanced civilian fears about overt loyalty towards MILF. Finally, conflict related impacts of displacement have also negatively influenced levels of civilian support for the Bangsamoro struggle.