Abstract
The article researches into fundamental approaches to legal regulation of lobbyist activity in democratic countries. Analyzing transformation of lobbying into one of the most important socio-political institutions, it reveals the role of lobbying in the democratic process of political decision-making, considering professional features, organizational structures and approaches to the regulation of lobbying activities. It is concluded that lobbying as an institutuion takes an important place in the life of modern democratic societies. Legal regulation of lobbying activities helps to minimize risks of corruption between government bodies and civil society institutions.
Highlights
According to expert current opinion, lobbying as an element of political process is present in the structure of any state, playing a positive role in the democratization of the political
It is believed that the term "lobby" acquired a political meaning in the United States in the first half of the 19th century and denoted a group of people united by common interests, and derivatives of the word "lobby" as “lobbyism” and “lobbying” began to be used for determination of informal influence on the votes of legislators in corridors of parliament outside the legislative chamber [3]
Legal registration of lobbying activities took place in the United States where Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) was adopted in 1938 [4] and introduced compulsory registration of foreign lobbyists, and Lobbying regulation Act [5] adopted in October 1946, established requirements that a lobbyist needs to have a law degree, 8 years of work experience in the federal government bodies, to be registered, to timely submit to the Department of State necessary information
Summary
In the United States, where there are about 12.3 thousand lobbyists in the federal government and their total expenditure exceeds $ 3 billion per year, lobbyism is recognized as a separate type of activity regulated by both a special regulatory legal act and codes of ethics for officials, rules, guidelines, parliamentary resolutions and other documents[9] . More than 100 German firms, industrial unions and scientific foundations have about 300 "own" employees participating in consultations in the adoption of public-power decisions, including in drafting laws in almost all federal and state ministries.
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