Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are toxic persistent organic pollutants and bioaccumulative chemicals, which affect the environment and ecology. PFASs in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and receiving river downstream were investigated. Fourteen out of eighteen PFASs were detected, ranging from 197 to 0.14ng L-1. The main pollutants were 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propoxy) propanoic acid (HFPO-DA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The concentration of HFPO-DA (181ng L-1) was the highest in influent, which indicated the use and emission of PFASs in the sewage collection region of WWTP changed from legacy to emerging ones. However, PFOS from catering wastewater as the main source was dominant PFASs in the reclaimed water. Biological treatment could be effective in the removal of PFASs, especially for HFPO-DA. HFPO-DA could directly bind to cytochrome P450 and bring potential ecotoxicity to the surrounding environment, and the ecological risk of degradation products should be under consideration. Coagulation might result in PFASs release from sludge. More attention should be paid to sewage treatment process decision of WWTP for the control of PFASs.
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