Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new compact left-handed tunable metamaterial structure, inspired by a joint T-D shape geometry on a flexible NiAl2O4 substrate. The designed metamaterial exhibits an extra-large negative refractive index bandwidth of 6.34 GHz, with an operating frequency range from 4 to 18 GHz. We demonstrate the effects of substrate material thickness on the effective properties of metamaterial using two substrate materials: 1) flame retardant 4 and 2) flexible nickel aluminate. A finite integration technique based on the Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator was used for our design, simulation, and investigation. A finite element method based on an HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) electromagnetic simulator is also used to simulate results, perform verifications, and compare the measured results. The simulated resonance peaks occurred at 6.42 GHz (C-band), 9.32 GHz (X-band), and 16.90 GHz (Ku-band), while the measured resonance peaks occurred at 6.60 GHz (C-band), 9.16 GHz (X-band) and 17.28 GHz (Ku-band). The metamaterial structure exhibited biaxial tunable properties by changing the electromagnetic wave propagation in the y and z directions and the left-handed characteristics at 11.35 GHz and 13.50 GHz.
Highlights
A metamaterial is an artificial composite periodic material with unusual properties that are unavailable in nature
To excite negative magnetic and electric responses, the magnetic and electric fields were polarized by incident electromagnetic waves, which were defined along the y-axis and x-axis, respectively
The electromagnetic wave propagation is delivered in the z- and y-direction to analyze the metamaterial prototype in section 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 and section 4.1.3 represent the effect of changing substrate thickness
Summary
A metamaterial is an artificial composite periodic material with unusual properties that are unavailable in nature. Metamaterials have greatly interested the scientific research community because of their unique characteristics, such as negative refraction, perfect absorption, magnetism, sub-wavelength focusing, varying chiralities and so on. Because of their cellular architecture (rather than chemical composition), metamaterials exhibit unusual electromagnetic properties, and the materials can control electromagnetic wave beams in predictable ways. Because of these peculiar electromagnetic properties, metamaterials have unique potentials for various applications, such as antenna applications, power absorption, sensing, terahertz applications, energy harvesting, super lens applications, etc.
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