Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction as a Predictor of Rapid Decline of Residual Renal Function in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diastolic dysfunction at the start of dialysis could influence renal and cardiovascular survival rates in 82 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Diastolic dysfunction was determined using left ventricular hypertrophy, the ratio of early peak transmitral inflow velocity to peak diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E'), and left atrial volume index (LAVI). Residual renal function (RRF) was measured with 24-hour urine collections at baseline (within 1 month of beginning peritoneal dialysis) and thereafter at 6-month intervals for 2 years. To evaluate the long-term prognostic significance of diastolic dysfunction, the 4-year cardiac event-free survival was also evaluated. The median slope of RRF decline was -0.07 mL/min/mo/1.73 m(2). Forty-five patients (54.9%) with rapid RRF declines (< -0.07 mL/min/mo/1.73 m(2)) had a higher prevalence of diabetes and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as significantly elevated E/E' ratios and LAVIs. There was a close relationship between baseline E/E' ratio (r = -0.221, P = .048), LAVI (r = -0.276, P = .015), and RRF decline rate, and both E/E' > 15 (odds ratio, 3.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-12.12) and LAVI > 32 mL/m(2) (odds ratio, 3.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-11.58) were significant independent predictors of the loss of RRF. Furthermore, E/E' > 15 also provided additional prognostic value in predicting future cardiac events (hazard ratio, 6.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-12.12; P = .023). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may be a significant predictor of rapid decline in RRF and adverse cardiac outcomes in patients starting peritoneal dialysis.